Prefilter bandwidth effects in data symbol phase synchronizers of open loop

This work studies the effects of the prefilter bandwidth on the open loop symbol synchronizers. We consider three different prefilter bandwidth, namely, B1=¥ ( infinite), B2=2.tx and B3=1.tx, where tx is the transmission rate. We consider also four open loop symbol synchronizers, namely, the tank (tank), the SAW (SAW), the monostable (mon), and the astable (ast). The objective is to study the prefilter bandwidth with the four open loop symbol synchronizers and to evaluate their output jitter UIRMS (Unit Interval Root Mean Square) versus input SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio)

Prefilter bandwidth effects in sequential symbol synchronizers based on clock sampling by positive transitions

This work studies the effects of the prefilter bandwidth in the sequential symbol synchronizers based on clock sampling by positive transitions. The prefilter bandwidth B is switched between three values, namely B1=∞, B2=2. tx and B3=1. tx, where tx is the bit rate. The synchronizer has two variants, one discrete and other continuous. Each variant has two versions, one manual and other automatic. The objective is to study the prefilter bandwidth with the four synchronizers and to evaluate their output jitter UIRMS (Unit Interval Root Mean Square) versus input SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio)

Sequential symbol synchronizers based on clock sampling by positive transitions

This work presents a sequential symbol synchronizer, that was discovered by us, and its functioning principle is based on the clock sampling by the input positive data transitions. This synchronizer has two topologies, namely the discrete and the continuous. Also, each topology has two versions which are the manual and the automatic. These synchronizers are very interesting, because the previous adjust of the manual version isn’t critical. The objective is to study the four synchronizers and to evaluate their output jitter UIRMS (Unit Interval Root Mean Square) versus input SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio)

Effects of the previous pulse shift and filter on the symbol synchronizer PLL

We will study the effects of the shift of the previous pulse temporal position (between P1 and P2) on the symbol synchronizers jitter behavior. Each pulse temporal position (P1 and P2), with the same previous filter, forms a group with four different carrier PLL (Phase Lock Loop) namely the analog, hybrid, combinational and sequential. The main objective is to study the synchronizers output jitter UIRMS (Unit Interval Root Mean Squared) as function of the input SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio)

Sequential symbol synchronizers based on pulse comparison operating by positive transitions at quarter rate

This work presents the sequential symbol synchronizer based on pulse comparison by positive transitions at quarter rate (txp/4). Their performance is compared with a reference synchronizer by both transitions at the rate (tx). For the reference and proposed synchronizer we consider two versions which are the manual (m) and the automatic (a). The objective is to study the four synchronizers and evaluate their output jitter UIRMS (Unit Interval Root Mean Square) versus input SNR (Signal Noise Ratio)

Sequential symbol synchronizers based on pulse comparation at Half Rate

This work presents a synchronizer based on pulse comparation, between variable and fixed pulses. We consider four synchronizers, divided in two variants, one variant operate at the rate and the other at half rate. Each synchronizer variant has two versions which are the manual and the automatic. The objective is to study the synchronizers and evaluate the output jitter UIRMS (Unit Interval Root Mean Square) versus the input SNR (Signal Noise Ratio)

Synchronous and asynchronous sequential symbol synchronizers

In this work, we present two synchronizer groups: the synchronous and the asynchronous. The synchronous group is based in forward logic with flip flops and the asynchronous group is based in forward logic with delay line feedback. In each group we consider two versions: the manual and the automatic. The main objective is to study the two groups, each one with two versions and to observe its jitter performance as function of the noise

Aplicação do Radar de Penetração no Solo (GPR) na detecção de estruturas no âmbito nas Ciências Forenses

Na base do fulgurante desenvolvimento da ciência forense está a incorporação do conhecimento e técnicas de várias especialidades científicas, onde a física ocupa lugar de relevo. Um exemplo desta articulação é o GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar, Radar de Penetração no Solo), que assume hoje grande importância na detecção de objectos e cadáveres enterrados. Este trabalho descreve um estudo sobre os limites de aplicabilidade do GPR em investigação forense. Foram concebidos e desenvolvidos ensaios laboratoriais (para aferir parâmetros físicos e técnicas de tratamento de dados) e de campo (onde se estudaram as condições de detectabilidade de artefactos metálicos e cadáveres de porcos enterrados). Os resultados mostram o potencial de aplicação da técnica para este fim e a possibilidade de se estimar o estado de decomposição dos cadáveres

Valuation of fresh produce at Local Markets, consumer´sperspectives

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Growth, Yield, And Postharvest Quality In Eggplant Produced Under Different Foliar Fertilizer (spirulina Platensis) Treatments

This study evaluated the growth, yield, and postharvest quality of eggplant grown under different foliar fertilizer treatments with Spirufert® (Spirulina platensis). The treatments consisted of four fertilizer concentrations applied at four phenological stages: M1 (10, 15, 25, and 35 g L-1), M2 (15, 20, 30, and 40 g L-1), M3 (20, 25, 35, and 45 g L-1), and M4 (control plants, water spraying only). For Postharvest experiments were conducted in a 4 x 5 factorial design corresponding to the four treatments in the field experiment and five storage times. Spirufert® applied at lower concentrations (M1) resulted in greater fruit yield without affecting the foliar concentrations of N, P, K, and Na. Higher fertilizer concentrations (M3) increased vegetative growth but reduced eggplant yield. Fruit color parameters and soluble solids contents were not affected by fertilizer application, but pulp firmness was more stable in M1 fruits stored for up to six days.3763893390